2000s
2001
- 2001 Mars Odyssey – 7 April 2001 – Mars orbiter
- Genesis – 8 August 2001 – First solar wind sample return
2002
- CONTOUR – 3 July 2002 – Attempted flyby of three comet nuclei (lost in space)
2003
- Hayabusa (Muses-C) – 9 May 2003 – Asteroid lander and First sample return from asteroid
- Mars Exploration Rovers – 10 June/7 July 2003 – Two Mars rovers ("Spirit" and "Opportunity")
- Mars Express/Beagle 2 – 1 June 2003 – Mars orbiter/lander (lander failure)
- SMART-1 – 27 September 2003 – Lunar orbiter
- Shenzhou 5 – 15 October 2003 – China's first manned Earth orbiter
2004
- Rosetta – 2 March 2004 – Comet orbiter and lander (expected arrival 2014)
- MESSENGER – 3 August 2004 – First Mercury orbiter (achieved orbit 18 March 2011)
2005
- Deep Impact – 12 January 2005 – First comet impact
- Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter – 12 August 2005 – Mars orbiter
- Venus Express – 9 November 2005 – Venus polar orbiter
2006
- New Horizons – 19 January 2006 – First Pluto/Charon and Kuiper Belt flyby (expected arrival 14 July 2015)
- Hinode (Solar-B) – 22 September 2006 – Solar orbiter
- STEREO – 26 October 2006 – Two spacecraft, solar orbiters
2007
- Phoenix – 4 August 2007 – Mars polar lander
- Kaguya (Selene) – 14 September 2007 – Lunar orbiters
- Dawn – 27 September 2007 – Asteroid Ceres and Vesta orbiter (entered orbit around Vesta on 16 July 2011)
- Chang'e 1 – 24 October 2007 – Lunar orbiter
2008
- Chandrayaan-1 – 22 October 2008 – Lunar orbiter and impactor – Discovered water on the moon
2009
- Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/LCROSS – 18 June 2009 – Lunar polar orbiter and lunar impactor
Read more about this topic: Timeline Of Solar System Exploration