21st Century
- 2002 - Manindra Agrawal, Nitin Saxena, and Neeraj Kayal of IIT Kanpur present an unconditional deterministic polynomial time algorithm to determine whether a given number is prime.
- 2002 - Preda Mihăilescu proves Catalan's conjecture.
- 2004 - Ben Green and Terence Tao prove the Green–Tao theorem, which states that the sequence of prime numbers contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions.
Read more about this topic: Timeline Of Number Theory