Thermodynamic Equations - Notation

Notation

Some of the most common thermodynamic quantities are:

The conjugate variable pairs are the fundamental state variables used to formulate the thermodynamic functions.

p Pressure	V Volume
T Temperature	S Entropy
μ Chemical potential	N Particle number

The most important thermodynamic potentials are the following functions:

U Internal energy

F Helmholtz free energy

H Enthalpy

G Gibbs free energy

Thermodynamic systems are typically affected by the following types of system interactions. The types under consideration are used to classify systems as open systems, closed systems, and isolated systems.

δw infinitesimal amount of Work (W)

δq infinitesimal amount of Heat (Q)

m mass

Common material properties determined from the thermodynamic functions are the following:

ρ	Density is defined as mass of material per unit volume
CV	Heat capacity at constant volume
Cp	Heat capacity at constant pressure
	Isothermal compressibility
	Adiabatic compressibility
	Coefficient of thermal expansion

The following constants are constants that occur in many relationships due to the application of a standard system of units.

kB Boltzmann constant

R Ideal gas constant

NA Avogadro constant