Other
- Flavia Maximiana Theodora, daughter of the Roman Emperor Maximian and second wife of the Emperor Constantius I Chlorus.
- Episcopa Theodora, mother of Pope Paschal I in the 9th century
- Theodora (senatrix), Roman senatrix and mother of Marozia; concubine to Pope Sergius III.
- Theodora Komnene (disambiguation), several
- Theodora Tocco, despoina consort of Constantine, Despot in Morea (later Constantine XI Palaiologos).
- Theodora Asanina, titular empress consort of Demetrios Palaiologos.
- Theodora (Roman martyr), 2nd-century Christian martyr and saint
- Theodora and Didymus, early Christian martyrs
- Theodora (Handel) (HWV 68), an oratorio by George Frideric Handel, based on the story of Theodora and Didymus
- Theodora of Alexandria Eastern Orthodox saint
- Theodora of Arta 13th century, Empress of Epirus
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