Geography and Climate
Thanjavur is located at 10°48′N 79°09′E / 10.8°N 79.15°E / 10.8; 79.15 The tributaries of river Cauvery, namely, the Grand Anaicut Canal (Pudhaaru), Vadavaaru and Vennaaru rivers flow through the town. Thanjavur is situated in the Cauvery delta, at a distance of 314 kilometres (195 mi) south-west of Chennai and 56 kilometres (35 mi) east of Tiruchirappalli. While the plains immediately adjoining the Cauvery River have been under cultivation from time immemorial, most of Thanjavur town and the surrounding areas lie in the "New Delta" - a dry, barren upland tract which has only recently been brought under irrigation. To the south of Thanjavur town, is the Vallam tableland, a small plateau insterspersed at regular intervals by ridges of sandstone.
The nearest seaport in Nagapattinam which is 84 kilometres (52 mi) east of Thanjavur. The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport located at a distance of 56 kilometres. The town has an elevation of 57 metres above mean sea level. The total area of the city is 36 km2.
The period from November to February are pleasant, with a climate full of warm days and cool nights. Summer onset is from March, with the mercury reaching its peak by the end of May and June. The average temperatures rang from 81 F in January to 97 F in May and June. Summer rains are sparse and the first monsoon, the South-West monsoon sets in June and continues till September. North-East monsoon sets in October and continues till January. The rainfall during South-west monsoon period is much lower than that of North-East monsoon. North-East monsoon is beneficial to the district at large because of the heavy rainfall and the Western ghats feeding the river Cauvery. The average rainfall is 46 inches, most of which is contributed by the North-East monsoon.
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