Other Pulldown Patterns
Similar techniques must be used for films shot at “silent speeds” of less than 24 frame/s, which includes home movie formats (the standard for Standard 8mm film was 16fps, and for Super 8mm film 18fps) as well as silent film (which in 35mm format usually was 16fps, 12fps, or even lower).
- 16 frame/s (actually 15.985) to NTSC 30 frame/s (actually 29.97): pulldown should be 3:4:4:4
- 16 frame/s to PAL 25: pulldown should be 3:3:3:3:3:3:3:4 (a better choice would be to run the film at 16.67 frame/s, simplifying pulldown to 3:2)
- 18 frame/s (actually 17.982) to NTSC 30: pulldown should be 3:3:4
- 20 frame/s (actually 19.980) to NTSC 30: pulldown should be 3:3
- 27.5 frame/s to NTSC 30: pulldown should be 3:2:2:2:2
- 27.5 frame/s to PAL 25: pulldown should be 1:2:2:2:2
Also, other patterns have been described that refer to the progressive frame rate conversion required to display 24 frame/s video (e.g., from a DVD player) on a progressive display (e.g., LCD or plasma):
- 24 frame/s to 96 frame/s (4x frame repetition): pulldown is 4:4
- 24 frame/s to 120 frame/s (5x frame repetition): pulldown is 5:5
- 24 frame/s to 120 frame/s (3:2 pulldown followed by 2x deinterlacing): pulldown is 6:4
Read more about this topic: Telecine, Frame Rate Differences
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