Terminations of Names
Taxa above the genus level are often given names based on the type genus, with a standard termination. The terminations used in forming these names depend on the kingdom, and sometimes the phylum and class, as set out in the table below. Pronunciations given are the most Anglicized; more Latinate pronunciations are also common, particularly /ɑː/ rather than /eɪ/ for stressed a.
| Rank | Bacteria | Plants | Algae | Fungi | Animals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division/Phylum | -phyta /ˈfaɪtə/ | -mycota /maɪˈkoʊtə/ | |||
| Subdivision/Subphylum | -phytina /fɨˈtaɪnə/ | -mycotina /maɪkɵˈtaɪnə/ | |||
| Class | -ia /iə/ | -opsida /ˈɒpsɨdə/ | -phyceae /ˈfaɪʃiː/ | -mycetes /maɪˈsiːtiːz/ | |
| Subclass | -idae /ɨdiː/ | -phycidae /ˈfɪsɨdiː/ | -mycetidae /maɪˈsɛtɨdiː/ | ||
| Superorder | -anae /ˈeɪniː/ | ||||
| Order | -ales /ˈeɪliːz/ | ||||
| Suborder | -ineae /ˈɪnɨ.iː/ | ||||
| Infraorder | -aria /ˈɛəri.ə/ | ||||
| Superfamily | -acea /ˈeɪʃə/ | -oidea /ˈɔɪdi.ə/ | |||
| Epifamily | -oidae /ˈɔɪdiː/ | ||||
| Family | -aceae /ˈeɪʃiː/ | -idae /ɨdiː/ | |||
| Subfamily | -oideae /ˈɔɪdɨ.iː/ | -inae /ˈaɪniː/ | |||
| Infrafamily | -odd /ɒd/ | ||||
| Tribe | -eae /ɨ.iː/ | -ini /ˈaɪnaɪ/ | |||
| Subtribe | -inae /ˈaɪniː/ | -ina /ˈaɪnə/ | |||
| Infratribe | -ad /æd/ | ||||
- Table notes
- In botany and mycology names at the rank of family and below are based on the name of a genus, sometimes called the type genus of that taxon, with a standard ending. For example, the rose family Rosaceae is named after the genus Rosa, with the standard ending "-aceae" for a family. Names above the rank of family are also formed from a generic name, or are descriptive (like Gymnospermae or Fungi).
- For animals, there are standard suffixes for taxa only up to the rank of superfamily.
- Forming a name based on a generic name may be not straightforward. For example, the Latin "homo" has the genitive "hominis", thus the genus "Homo" (human) is in the Hominidae, not "Homidae".
- The ranks of epifamily, infrafamily and infratribe (in animals) are used where the complexities of phyletic branching require finer-than-usual distinctions. Although they fall below the rank of superfamily, they are not regulated under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and hence do not have formal standard endings. The suffixes listed here are regular, but informal.
Read more about this topic: Taxonomic Ranks
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