Tax Evasion - Economics of Tax Evasion

Economics of Tax Evasion

In 1968, Nobel laureate economist Gary Becker first theorized the economics of crime, on the basis of which authors M.G. Allingham and A. Sandmo produced, in 1972, an economic model of tax evasion. This model deals with the evasion of income tax, the main source of tax revenue in the developed countries. According to the authors, the level of evasion of income tax depends on the level of punishment provided by law.

The literature's theoretical models are elegant in their effort to identify the variables likely to affect non-compliant behaviors. Alternative specifications, however, yield conflicting results concerning both the signs and magnitudes of variables believed to affect tax evasion. Empirical work is required to resolve the theoretical ambiguities. Income tax evasion appears to be positively influenced by the tax rate, the unemployment rate, the level of income and dissatisfaction with government. The U.S. Tax Reform Act of 1986 appears to have reduced tax evasion in the United States.