't Kofschip - Rule

Rule

The rule goes as follows:

If the verb-root ends in one of the consonants of 't kofschip, being ⟨t⟩, ⟨f⟩, ⟨k⟩, ⟨s⟩, ⟨ch⟩, and ⟨p⟩ (or variants), the past simple ends in -te and the past participle in -t. If the verb-root ends in any other consonant or a vowel (except silent ⟨e⟩, see later), the past simple ends in -de and the past participle in -d.

For example:

Verb Meaning Verb root Past simple Past participle
rusten to rest rust- ik rustte gerust
werken to work werk- ik werkte gewerkt
spelen to play spel- ik speelde gespeeld
leven to live lev- ik leefde geleefd
crashen to crash crash- ik crashte gecrasht
bingoën to play bingo bingo- ik bingode gebingood
faxen to fax fax- ik faxte gefaxt

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