Usage
In Windows NT-based operating systems, System File Checker can be invoked via Command Prompt, with the following command:
sfc /scannow
If it finds a problem, it will attempt to replace the problematic files from the DLL Cache (%WinDir%\System32\Dllcache\). If the file is not in the DLL Cache or the DLL Cache is corrupted, the user will be prompted to insert the Windows installation media or provide the network installation path. System File Checker determines the Windows installation source path from the registry values SourcePath and ServicePackSourcePath. It may keep prompting for the installation media even if the user supplies it if these values are not correctly set.
In Windows Vista and onwards, files are protected using Access control lists (ACLs), however the above command has not changed.
System File Checker in Windows Vista and later Windows operating systems can scan specific individual files. Also, scans can be performed against an offline Windows installation folder to replace corrupt files, in case the Windows installation is not bootable. For performing offline scans, System File Checker must be run from another working installation of Windows Vista or a later operating system or from the Windows setup DVD which gives access to the Windows Recovery Environment.
Read more about this topic: System File Checker
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