Sympathetic cooling is a process in which particles of one type cool particles of another type.
Typically, atomic ions that can be directly laser cooled are used to cool nearby ions or atoms, by way of their mutual Coulomb interaction. This technique allows cooling of ions and atoms that can't be cooled directly by laser cooling. This includes most molecular ion species, especially large organic molecules. However, sympathetic cooling is most efficient when the mass/charge ratios of the sympathetic- and laser-cooled ions are similar.
The cooling of neutral atoms in this manner was first demonstrated by Christopher Myatt et al. in 1997. Here, a technique with electric and magnetic fields were used, where atoms with spin in one direction were more weakly confined than those with spin in the opposite direction. The weakly confined atoms with a high kinetic energy were allowed to more easily escape, lowering the total kinetic energy, resulting in a cooling of the strongly confined atoms. Myatt et al. also showed the utility of their version of sympathetic cooling for the creation of Bose–Einstein condensates
Famous quotes containing the words sympathetic and/or cooling:
“Perhaps he was a bit different from other people, but what really sympathetic person is not a little mad?”
—Isadora Duncan (1878–1927)
“As a bathtub lined with white porcelain,
When the hot water gives out or goes tepid,
So is the slow cooling of our chivalrous passion,
O my much praised but-not-altogether-satisfactory lady.”
—Ezra Pound (1885–1972)