Syme (also Symes, Simes, and see Sime) is a surname, and may refer to:
- Sir Colin Syme (1903–1986), Australian medical administrator and innovator
- David Syme (1827–1908), a Scottish-Australian newspaper proprietor of The Age
- David Syme (pianist) (born 1949), an American pianist.
- Ebenezer Syme(1826–1860), a Scottish-Australian journalist, proprietor and manager of The Age
- George Adlington Syme (1859–1929), an Australian surgeon.
- Hugh Syme, a Canadian musician and a Juno Award-winning graphic artist
- James Syme (1799–1870), a pioneering Scottish surgeon.
- Jennifer Syme (1972–2001) an American actress and production assistant.
- Ronald Syme, (1903–1989), a New Zealand-born historian and classicist. Long associated with Oxford University, he is widely regarded as the 20th century's greatest historian of ancient Rome
- Fiction
- Syme is also a minor character in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four.
- Gabriel Syme is the main character in G.K. Chesterton's The Man Who Was Thursday.