Surduc - Physical-geographical Data - Climatic Aspects - Climato-genetic Factors

Climato-genetic Factors

Factors that have a direct influence on variation in time and space of climatic elements are: solar radiation, dynamics of atmosphere and adjacent surface.

Direct solar radiation has a value, for the studied territory, of 110-115 kcal/cm²/year, characteristic to the latitude, covering energy needs.

General circulation of the atmosphere is given by the position and intensity of major barrel systems of the continent (Azores High, Icelandic Low, Siberian High, Mediterranean cyclones), with greater frequency of western circulation. The territory is affected by different air masses, greater frequency having:

• polar-maritime air masses, in late spring and summer months, Are cold and wet, transported by western and northwestern circulation;
• polar-continental air masses, cold and dry in winter, hot and dry in summer; arisen from east and northeast;
• arctic-maritime air masses pervade from North Atlantic Ocean, within the pale of polar circulation. Determine frosty weather and relatively wet in winter, and in spring and autumn frosts;
• tropical-maritime air masses, that pervade from the south and southwest, determine during the winter mists and heavy snow falls, and in summer determine atmospheric instability;
• tropical-continental air masses, with low frequency, are transported by southern, southwestern and southeastern circulation. It is most common in summer, when give rise to tropical days.

Underlying surface, by which means the land area with all its characteristics (morphological, hydrographic, biopedogeographic etc. influenced or not by anthropic activity) has an active role in transforming solar radiant energy into heat, generating all climate processes and phenomena resulting from the lower layer of air. Peculiarities of active area have a particular importance in the formation of specific topoclimates and microclimates.