Subterranean Homesick Blues - References and Allusions

References and Allusions

"Subterranean Homesick Blues" was, in fact, an extraordinary three-way amalgam of Jack Kerouac, the Guthrie/Pete Seeger song "Taking It Easy" ('mom was in the kitchen preparing to eat/sis was in the pantry looking for some yeast') and the riffed-up rock'n'roll poetry of Chuck Berry's "Too Much Monkey Business".

In 2004, Dylan said, "It's from Chuck Berry, a bit of 'Too Much Monkey Business' and some of the scat songs of the '40s."

Dylan has also stated that when he reached the University of Minnesota in 1959, he fell under the influence of the Beat scene: "It was Jack Kerouac, Ginsberg, Corso and Ferlinghetti." Kerouac's The Subterraneans, a novel published in 1958 about the Beats, has been suggested as a possible inspiration for the song's title.

Some think that the song is in the musical continuum that stretches from 'talking blues' and similar songs of the early 20th Century to modern rap. There is also a rhythmical and lyrical similarity to the folk song "Shortnin' Bread"..

The song's first line is a reference to codeine distillation and politics of the time: "Johnny's in the basement mixing up the medicine / I'm on the pavement thinkin' about the Government". The song also depicts some of the growing conflicts between "straight" or "square" (40-hour workers) and the emerging 1960s counterculture. The widespread use of recreational drugs, and turmoil surrounding the Vietnam War were both starting to take hold of the nation, and Dylan's hyperkinetic lyrics were dense with up-to-the-minute allusions to important emerging elements in the 1960s youth culture. According to rock journalist Andy Gill, "an entire generation recognized the zeitgeist in the verbal whirlwind of 'Subterranean Homesick Blues'."

The song also references the struggles surrounding the American civil rights movement ("Better stay away from those / That carry around a fire hose"). (During the civil rights movement, peaceful protestors were beaten and sprayed with high pressure fire hoses.) Despite the political nature of the lyrics, the song went on to become the first Top 40 hit for Dylan in the United States.