Studs
Power supply studs are the fixed contact elements of a stud/skate or stud/ski collector electrical connection system. They are used when a moving element needs to be in electrical contact with a static element. The main advantage of the system is the self-cleaning facility of the skate/ski with the stud.
The stud contact system or surface contact system was used with some tramway systems. It is used especially where an overhead system would be obtrusive. As the studs would be on open roads rather than special track, methods have to be adopted to ensure that they are only live when under a vehicle. Early systems used mechanical switches. Most use magnetic activation from a magnet on the vehicle, but a few used a purely mechanical system. Systems in use in the early part of the 20th century included: The Lorain, the Dolter, and the GB surface-contact systems, which were all magnetically operated,and the Robrow surface-contact system which was mechanical. In practice the technology of the time could be erratic. This meant studs that that did not make contact when activated, and studs that remain live after the vehicle had passed over. Consequently the systems tended to be replaced with either overhead systems, on continuous contact sub surface systems.
Read more about this topic: Stud Contact System
Famous quotes containing the word studs:
“My job as a reservationist was very routine, computerized ... I had no free will. I was just part of that stupid computer.”
—Beryl Simpson, U.S. employment counselor; former airline reservationist. As quoted in Working, book 2, by Studs Terkel (1973)
“... all my letters are read. I like that. I usually put something in there that I would like the staff to see. If some of the staff are lazy and choose not to read the mail, I usually write on the envelope “Legal Mail.” This way it will surely be read. It’s important that we educate everybody as we go along.”
—Jean Gump, U.S. pacifist. As quoted in The Great Divide, book 2, section 10, by Studs Terkel (1988)
“I can’t be servile. I give service. There is a difference.”
—Dolores Dante, U.S. waitress. As quoted in Working, book 5, by Studs Terkel (1973)