Inference Problem
At test time, only a sample is known, and a prediction function maps it to a predicted label from the label space . For structured SVMs, given the vector obtained from training, the prediction function is the following.
Therefore, the maximizer over the label space is the predicted label. Solving for this maximizer is the so-called inference problem and similar to making a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) prediction in probabilistic models. Depending on the structure of the function, solving for the maximizer can be a hard problem.
Read more about this topic: Structured SVM
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