Definitions of Stress Measures
Consider the situation shown the following figure. The following definitions use the notations shown in the figure.
In the reference configuration, the outward normal to a surface element is and the traction acting on that surface is leading to a force vector . In the deformed configuration, the surface element changes to with outward normal and traction vector leading to a force . Note that this surface can either be a hypothetical cut inside the body or an actual surface.
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