Squamata - Classification

Classification

Classically, the order is divided into three suborders:

  • Lacertilia, the lizards
  • Serpentes, the snakes
  • Amphisbaenia, the worm lizards

Of these, the lizards form a paraphyletic group (since "lizards" excludes the subclade of snakes). In newer classifications, the name Sauria is used for reptiles and birds in general, and the Squamata are divided differently:

  • Suborder Iguania – (the agamids, chameleons, iguanids and other New World lizards)
  • Suborder Scleroglossa
    • Infraorder Anguimorpha – (the monitors, Gila monster, alligator lizards, galliwasps, slow worms and others)
    • Infraorder Amphisbaenia – worm lizards
    • Infraorder Gekkota – (the geckos)
    • Infraorder Scincomorpha – (skinks, whiptail lizards and common European lizards)
    • Infraorder Serpentes – (the snakes)

The relationships between these suborders is not yet certain, though recent research suggests several families may form a hypothetical venom clade which encompasses a majority (nearly 60%) of squamate species. Named Toxicofera, it combines the following groups from traditional classification:

  • Suborder Serpentes (snakes)
  • Suborder Iguania (agamids, chameleons, iguanids, etc.)
  • Infraorder Anguimorpha, consisting of:
    • Family Varanidae (monitor lizards, including the komodo dragon)
    • Family Anguidae (alligator lizards, glass lizards, etc.)
    • Family Helodermatidae (Gila monster and Mexican beaded lizard)

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