Number of Moves
It is not evident from the rules of Sprouts that the game always terminates, since the number of spots increase at each move. The correct approach is to consider the number of lives (opportunities to connect a line) instead of the number of spots. Then, we can show that if the game starts with n spots, it will end in no more than 3n−1 moves and no fewer than 2n moves.
In the following proofs, we suppose that a game starts with n spots and lasts for exactly m moves.
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