Vowels
| Vowels | |||||
| front | near-front | central | near-back | back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | i • y | 1 • } | M • u | ||
| near-close | I • Y | U | |||
| close-mid | e • 2 | @\ • 8 | 7 • o | ||
| mid | @ | ||||
| open-mid | E • 9 | 3 • 3\ | V • O | ||
| near-open | { | 6 | |||
| open | a • & | A • Q | |||
Vowel modifiers:
- after a vowel indicates that it is nasalised (e.g. French bon ).
- after a vowel indicates that it is lengthened (e.g. Japanese shōshō, English see ).
- after a vowel indicates rhoticity (e.g. US English bird ).
- non syllabic vowel (IPA subscript arch)
| SAMPA: simplified list of vowels | |||
| SAMPA | IPA | Description | Examples |
| i | i | front closed unrounded vowel | English see, Spanish sí, French vite, German mi.e.ten, Italian visto |
| I | ɪ (small capital I) | front closed unrounded vowel, but somewhat more
centralised and relaxed |
English city, German mit |
| e | e | front half closed unrounded vowel | US English bear, Spanish él, French année, German mehr, Italian rete, Catalan més |
| E | ɛ | front half open unrounded vowel | English bed, French même,German Herr, Männer,
Italian ferro, Catalan mes, Spanish perro |
| { | ae ligature, æ | front open unrounded vowel | English cat |
| y | y | front closed rounded vowel | French du, German Tür |
| 2 | slashed o, ø | front half closed rounded vowel | French deux (hence '2'), German Höhle |
| 9 | oe ligature, œ | front half open rounded vowel | French neuf (hence '9'), German Hölle |
| 1 | overstroked i, |
central closed unrounded vowel | Russian мыс 'cape' |
| @ | ə (turned down e) schwa | central neutral unrounded vowel | English about, winner,German bitte |
| 6 | ɐ (turned down a) open schwa | central neutral unrounded vowel | German besser |
| 3 | ɜ (Greek epsilon mirrored to the left) | front half open unrounded vowel, but somewhat more
centralised and relaxed |
English bird |
| a | a | central open vowel | Spanish da, barra, French bateau,
lac, German Haar, Italian pazzo |
| } | overstroked u, ʉ | central closed rounded vowel | Scottish English pool, Swedish sju |
| 8 | overstroked o, ɵ | central neutral rounded vowel | Swedish kust |
| & | small capital OE ligature, ɶ | front open rounded vowel | American English that |
| M | ɯ (upside-down m) | back closed unrounded vowel | Japanese fuji, Vietnamese ư Korean 으 |
| 7 | ɤ (squeezed Greek gamma) | back half closed unrounded vowel | Vietnamese ơ Korean 어 |
| V | ʌ (turned down v) | back half open unrounded vowel | RP and US English run, enough |
| A | ɑ ('d' with no upper tail) | back open unrounded vowel | English arm, US English law, standard French âme |
| u | u | back closed rounded vowel | English soon, Spanish tú, French
goût, German Hut, Mutter, Italian azzurro, tutto |
| U | ʊ (turned down small capital Greek omega) | back closed rounded vowel somewhat more centralised
and relaxed |
English put, (non-US)Buddhist |
| o | o | back half closed rounded vowel | US English sore, Scottish English boat, Spanish yo, French beau, German Sohle, Italian dove, Catalan ona |
| O | ɔ (c mirrored to the left) | back half open rounded vowel | British English law, caught, Italian cosa, Catalan dona, Spanish ojo, German Wort |
| Q | ɒ ('b' with no upper tail) | back open rounded vowel | British English not, cough |
Stress is indicated by for primary stress, and for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable.
Read more about this topic: Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet Chart
Famous quotes containing the word vowels:
“As no one can tell what was the Roman pronunciation, each nation makes the Latin conform, for the most part, to the rules of its own language; so that with us of the vowels only A has a peculiar sound.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“Playing “bop” is like playing Scrabble with all the vowels missing.”
—Duke Ellington (1899–1974)
“These equal syllables alone require,
Though oft the ear the open vowels tire;”
—Alexander Pope (1688–1744)