Spanish Pronouns - Table of Personal Pronouns

Table of Personal Pronouns

Notes:

• Consigo can also be translated as "I get", from the Spanish verb "conseguir". However, consigo is only used reflexively, unlike conmigo and contigo.

• Se is used only as a reflexive pronoun as in "Él se lava" (He washes himself), the subject of an indefinite construction of the passive voice as in "Se dice" (It is said), and as an indirect object if the same sentence contains a direct object pronoun as well: "Se lo di" (I gave it to him/her).

Nominative case (subject, stressed)

• yo, tú, vos, usted/vusted (archaic), él/ella/ello, nosotros/nosotras, vosotros/vosotras, ustedes/vustedes (archaic), ellos/ellas

Accusative case (direct object, unstressed, but see below for direct objects preceded by preposition "a")

• me, te, lo/la, nos, os/vos, los/las

Dative case (indirect object, unstressed, but see below for indirect objects preceded by preposition "a")

• me, te, le/se, nos, os/vos, les/se

Prepositional case (objects and complements preceded by prepositions, except for preposition "con", stressed)

• mí, ti, vos, él/ella/ello/sí, nosotros/nosotras/nos, vosotros/vosotras/vos, ellos/ellas/sí

Observe that for direct and indirect objects, when they are preceded by the preposition a the pronoun will be in the prepositional case instead of in the accusative or dative. Thus, "I saw her" becomes La vi a ella and "He gave it to me" becomes Me lo dio a mí (see also clitic doubling for the use of reduplicated pronouns).

Comitative case (prepositional complement preceded by the preposition "con" (with), stressed)

When the preposition is con, the first, second and third person singular take the following forms:

• *con mí → conmigo = "with me"
• *con ti → contigo = "with you"
• *con sí → consigo = "with yourself/himself/herself/itself" (reflexive)

The other persons do not have distinct comitative case forms and simply take the prepositional case preceded by "con" (e.g., con nosotros, con vosotras, con ella, con ellos...). The plural first and second person forms, connosco and convosco, are archaic forms no longer in use but some vestiges may be found in Ladino variants.

Genitive case (possessive)

Adjectival forms (cf. English my, your), unstressed:

• mi / mis
• tu / tus
• su / sus
• nuestro / nuestra / nuestros / nuestras
• vuestro / vuestra / vuestros / vuestras
• su / sus

Pronominal forms (cf. English mine, yours), stressed:

• mío / mía / míos / mías
• tuyo / tuya / tuyos / tuyas
• suyo / suya / suyos / suyas
• nuestro / nuestra / nuestros / nuestras
• vuestro / vuestra / vuestros / vuestras
• suyo / suya / suyos / suyas

The unstressed accusative and dative pronouns are attached as enclitics to the end of the infinitive, gerund and imperative (including the subjunctive forms used as imperative in positive commands): decirlo, besándose, hazlo, traelo, dígaselo, amémonos, repartíos, pónganse. In the combination -mos + nos the s is dropped, as is the d in the sequence -d + os. The acute accent is written according to the general accentuation rules. In modern Spanish, these clitic pronouns usually precede the rest of verb forms (me lo das, se lo pondrán, si se lo creyeran), including compound and passive ones (se lo ha comido, nos habían sido impuestas) and all forms of subjunctive in negative commands (no lo hagas, no lo traigas, no se lo diga, no nos amemos, no os repartáis, no se pongan). In some periphrastic constructions, the pronouns may go either before the main (or auxiliary) verb of after the dependent infinitive or gerund (te lo voy a decir or voy a decírtelo, se las estaban repartiendo or estaban repartiéndoselas, no me lo intentes ocultar or no intentes ocultármelo).

The clitic pronouns, whether enclitic or proclitic, normally cluster in the same order: dative clitics precede accusative clitics, se is in the front always, then follow second persons, then first persons and third persons are always last; furthermore, in a sequence of two third-pronominal object clitics, the dative one must always be se (e.g. Juan se lo mandó "Juan sent it to him").