Titles Created During The Current Reign
Since the beginning of his reign in 1975, King Juan Carlos has created new titles for about 51 people (as of April 2011), among others recognizing the merits of politicians and artists. Some of these dignities have been hereditary. Examples include
- Camilo José Cela, author and Nobel laureate, created 1st Marquis of Iria Flavia in 1996
- Vicente del Bosque, football manager, created 1st Marquis of Del Bosque in 2011
- Salvador Dalí, surrealist painter, created 1st Marquis of Dalí de Púbol in 1982
- Carmen Franco y Polo, daughter of dictator Francisco Franco, created 1st Duchess of Franco and Grandee of Spain in 1975
- Joaquín Rodrigo, composer and pianist, created 1st Marquis de los Jardines de Aranjuez in 1991
- Margarita Salas, scientist, created 1st Marquise of Canero in 2008
- Juan Antonio Samaranch, President of the International Olympic Committee, created 1st Marquis of Samaranch and Grandee of Spain in 1991
- José Ángel Sánchez Asiaín, an international banker, created 1st Marquis of Asiaín in 2010
- Andres Segovia, classical guitarist, created 1st Marquis of Salobreña in 1981
- Adolfo Suárez, Prime Minister, created 1st Duke of Suárez and Grandee of Spain in 1981
- Antoni Tàpies, painter, created 1st Marquis of Tàpies in 2010
- Mario Vargas Llosa, author and Nobel laureate, created 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa in 2011.
King Juan Carlos also exceptionally confirmed the title of Count of Barcelona, a title historically attached to the Crown, but used as a title of pretence by his father Juan de Borbón during the dynasty's 20th century exile and the subsequent reign of his son.
Read more about this topic: Spanish Nobility
Famous quotes containing the words titles, created, current and/or reign:
“We have to be despised by somebody whom we regard as above us, or we are not happy; we have to have somebody to worship and envy, or we cannot be content. In America we manifest this in all the ancient and customary ways. In public we scoff at titles and hereditary privilege, but privately we hanker after them, and when we get a chance we buy them for cash and a daughter.”
—Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens] (1835–1910)
“I have lifted the veil. I have created life, wrested the secret of life from life. Now do you understand? From the lives of those who have gone before, I have created life.”
—Edward T. Lowe, and Frank Strayer. Dr. von Niemann (Lionel Atwill)
“A man is a little thing whilst he works by and for himself, but, when he gives voice to the rules of love and justice, is godlike, his word is current in all countries; and all men, though his enemies are made his friends and obey it as their own.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“Without poets, without artists, men would soon weary of nature’s monotony. The sublime idea men have of the universe would collapse with dizzying speed. The order which we find in nature, and which is only an effect of art, would at once vanish. Everything would break up in chaos. There would be no seasons, no civilization, no thought, no humanity; even life would give way, and the impotent void would reign everywhere.”
—Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918)