Titles Created During The Current Reign
Since the beginning of his reign in 1975, King Juan Carlos has created new titles for about 51 people (as of April 2011), among others recognizing the merits of politicians and artists. Some of these dignities have been hereditary. Examples include
- Camilo José Cela, author and Nobel laureate, created 1st Marquis of Iria Flavia in 1996
- Vicente del Bosque, football manager, created 1st Marquis of Del Bosque in 2011
- Salvador Dalí, surrealist painter, created 1st Marquis of Dalí de Púbol in 1982
- Carmen Franco y Polo, daughter of dictator Francisco Franco, created 1st Duchess of Franco and Grandee of Spain in 1975
- Joaquín Rodrigo, composer and pianist, created 1st Marquis de los Jardines de Aranjuez in 1991
- Margarita Salas, scientist, created 1st Marquise of Canero in 2008
- Juan Antonio Samaranch, President of the International Olympic Committee, created 1st Marquis of Samaranch and Grandee of Spain in 1991
- José Ángel Sánchez Asiaín, an international banker, created 1st Marquis of Asiaín in 2010
- Andres Segovia, classical guitarist, created 1st Marquis of Salobreña in 1981
- Adolfo Suárez, Prime Minister, created 1st Duke of Suárez and Grandee of Spain in 1981
- Antoni Tàpies, painter, created 1st Marquis of Tàpies in 2010
- Mario Vargas Llosa, author and Nobel laureate, created 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa in 2011.
King Juan Carlos also exceptionally confirmed the title of Count of Barcelona, a title historically attached to the Crown, but used as a title of pretence by his father Juan de Borbón during the dynasty's 20th century exile and the subsequent reign of his son.
Read more about this topic: Spanish Nobility
Famous quotes containing the words titles, created, current and/or reign:
“We have to be despised by somebody whom we regard as above us, or we are not happy; we have to have somebody to worship and envy, or we cannot be content. In America we manifest this in all the ancient and customary ways. In public we scoff at titles and hereditary privilege, but privately we hanker after them, and when we get a chance we buy them for cash and a daughter.”
—Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens] (1835–1910)
“I’ve been cursed for delving into the mysteries of life. Perhaps death is sacred, and I’ve profaned it. Oh, what a wonderful vision it was. I dreamed of being the first to give to the world the secret that God is so jealous of, the formula for life. Think of the power, to create a man. And I did, I did it, I created a man. And who knows, in time I could have trained him to do my will. I could have bred a race, I might even have found the secret of eternal life.”
—William Hurlbut (1883–?)
““I” is a militant social tendency, working to hold and enlarge its place in the general current of tendencies. So far as it can it waxes, as all life does. To think of it as apart from society is a palpable absurdity of which no one could be guilty who really saw it as a fact of life.”
—Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929)
“Fatalism, whose solving word in all crises of behavior is “All striving is vain,” will never reign supreme, for the impulse to take life strivingly is indestructible in the race. Moral creeds which speak to that impulse will be widely successful in spite of inconsistency, vagueness, and shadowy determination of expectancy. Man needs a rule for his will, and will invent one if one be not given him.”
—William James (1842–1910)