Operation
In the NBA (since 1954), Women's National Basketball Association (since 2006), and FIBA play (since 2000; 30-second from 1956 to 2000), the shot clock counts down 24 seconds, thus often being called the "24-second clock." Failure to attempt a shot that hits the rim within this time results in loss of possession. A buzzer goes off and a yellow LED light strip on top of the backboard illuminates when the shot clock hits 0.0. In the 2011–12 NBA season, the last five seconds of the shot clock were modified to include tenths of a second. This allows players to see precisely how much time they have to shoot and allows officials to determine any last-second shots easily.
Furthermore, the shot clock is not reset on a foul in the frontcourt. Rule changes in the NBA since 1998, and in FIBA after 2010 state the shot clock will be reset only if 13 seconds or fewer are on the shot clock, after which it is reset to 14 seconds.
The NBA also has a rule on the shot clock reset on jump balls; any jump balls caused by the defense, and the offense keeps control of the ball, should the shot clock have less than 4.9 seconds of time remaining, the clock is reset to 5.0 seconds.
Men's college basketball uses a 35-second clock (since 1993; 45-second from 1985 through 1993) in the United States, and a 24-second clock in Canada. The last five seconds of the shot clock will be modified to include tenths of a second in the 2012–13 NCAA basketball season, a year after its introduction in the NBA; this will allow players to see precisely how much time they have to shoot and will also allow officials to determine any last second shots easily. Women's college basketball in the United States uses a 30-second clock; in Canada, it uses a 24-second clock. The National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), which sets rules for high school basketball in the U.S., does not mandate the use of a shot clock, instead leaving the choice to use a clock and its duration up to each individual state association. Proposals to adopt a national shot clock for high school basketball have been voted down by the NFHS as recently as 2011. Currently, eight U.S. states require the use of a shot clock of either 30 or 35 seconds in high school competition: California, Maryland (girls only), Massachusetts, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Washington.
3x3 (formerly FIBA 33), a formalized version of three-on-three halfcourt basketball recently developed by FIBA, uses a 12-second clock.
| Organization | Duration |
|---|---|
| NBA | 24 seconds |
| WNBA | 24 seconds |
| NCAA Men | 35 seconds |
| NCAA Women | 30 seconds |
| CIS | 24 seconds |
| NFHS | 35/30 seconds (some states only) |
| FIBA | 24 seconds (full-court game) 12 seconds (3x3) |
Other sports
| Sport | Organization | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Lacrosse | MLL | 60 seconds |
| NLL | 30 seconds | |
| Ringette | N/A | 30 seconds |
| Water polo | FINA | 30 seconds |
Read more about this topic: Shot Clock
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—Francis Bacon (1560–1626)
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—Sydney Smith (1771–1845)
“Waiting for the race to become official, he began to feel as if he had as much effect on the final outcome of the operation as a single piece of a jumbo jigsaw puzzle has to its predetermined final design. Only the addition of the missing fragments of the puzzle would reveal if the picture was as he guessed it would be.”
—Stanley Kubrick (b. 1928)