Short Chronology Timeline - Early Bronze Age - Sumer

Sumer

Further information: Sumerian king list

Third Dynasty of Uruk

Further information: Uruk

Lugal-zage-si of Umma briefly rules from Uruk after defeating Lagash, eventually falling to the emerging Akkadian Empire.

Ruler	Proposed reign	Notes
Lugal-zage-si	2295–2271 BC	Defeats Urukagina of Lagash and is in turn defeated by Sargon of Akkad

Dynasty of Akkad

Further information: Akkad

Since Akkad (or Agade), the capital of the Akkadian Empire has not yet been found, available chronological data comes from outlying locations like Ebla, Tell Brak, Nippur, Susa and Tell Leilan. Clearly, the expansion of Akkad came under the rules of Sargon and Naram-sin. The last king of the empire, Shar-kali-sharri managed to mostly hold things together but upon his death, the empire fragmented. Finally, the city of Akkad itself is destroyed by the Guti.

Ruler	Proposed reign	Notes
Sargon	2270–2215 BC
Rimush	2214–2206 BC	Son of Sargon
Man-ishtishu	2205–2191 BC	Son of Sargon
Naram-sin	2190–2154 BC	Grandson of Sargon
Shar-kali-sharri	2153–2129 BC	Son of Naram-sin
Irgigi
Nanum
Imi
Ilulu
Dudu	2125–2104 BC
Shu-Durul	2104–2083 BC	City of Akkad falls to the Guti

Gutian Kings

Further information: Gutian dynasty of Sumer

First appearing in the area during the reign of Sargon of Akkad, the Guti became a regional power after the decline of the Akkadian Empire following Shar-kali-sharri. The dynasty ends with the defeat of the last king, Tirigan, by Uruk. Only a handful of the Guti kings are attested to by inscriptions, aside from the Sumerian king list.

Ruler	Proposed reign	Notes
Erridupizir	2141–2138 BC	Royal inscription at Nippur
Imta or Nibia	2138–2135 BC
Inkishush	2135–2129 BC	First Gutian ruler on the Sumerian king list
Sarlagab	2129–2126 BC
Shulme	2126–2120 BC
Elulmesh or Silulumesh	2120–2114 BC
Inimabakesh	2114–2109 BC
Igeshaush or Igeaus	2109–2103 BC
Yarlagab or Yarlaqaba	2103–2088 BC
Ibate	2088–2085 BC
Yarlangab or Yarla	2085–2082 BC
Kurum	2082–2081 BC
Apilkin or Habil-kin or Apil-kin	2081–2078 BC
La-erabum	2078–2076 BC	Mace head inscription
Irarum	2076–2074 BC
Ibranum	2074–2073 BC
Hablum	2073–2071 BC
Puzur-Suen	2071–2064 BC	Son of Hablum
Yarlaganda	2064–2057 BC	Foundation inscription at Umma
Si-um or Si-u	2057–2050 BC	Foundation inscription at Umma
Tirigan	2050–2050 BC	Contemporary of Utu-hengal of Uruk

Second Dynasty of Lagash

Further information: Lagash

Following the collapse of the Akkadian Empire after Shar-kali-sharri of Akkad under pressure from the invading Gutians, Lagash gradually regained prominence. As a client state to the Gutian Kings, Lagash was extremely successful, peaking under the rule of Gudea. After the last Gutian King, Tirigan, was defeated, by Utu-hengal, Lagash came under the control of Ur under Ur-Namma. Note that there is some indication that the order of the last two rulers of Lagash should be reversed.

Ruler	Proposed reign	Notes
Lugalushumgal
Puzer-Mama
Ur-Utu
Ur-Mama
Lu-Baba
Lugula
Kaku or Kakug
Ur-Bau or Ur-baba	2093–2080 BC
Gudea	2080–2060 BC	Son-in-law of Ur-baba
Ur-Ningirsu	2060–2055 BC	Son of Gudea
Pirigme or Ugme	2055–2053 BC	Grandson of Gudea
Ur-gar	2053–2049 BC
Nammahani	2049–2046 BC	Grandson of Kaku, defeated by Ur-Namma

Fifth Dynasty of Uruk

Further information: Uruk

Uniting various Sumerian city-states, Utu-hengal frees the region from the Gutians. Note that the Sumerian king list records a preceding 4th Dynasty of Uruk which is as yet unattested.

Ruler	Proposed reign	Notes
Utu-hengal	2055–2048 BC	Appoints Ur-Namma as governor of Ur

Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance)

In an apparently peaceful transition, Ur came to power after the end of the reign of Utu-hengal of Uruk, with the first king, Ur-Namma, solidifying his power with the defeat of Lagash. By the dynasty's end with the destruction of Ur by Elamites and Shimashki, the dynasty included little more than the area around Ur.

Ruler	Proposed reign	Notes
Ur-Namma or Ur-Engur	2047–2030 BC	Defeated Nammahani of Lagash; Contemporary of Utu-hengal of Uruk
Shulgi	2029–1982 BC	Possible lunar/solar eclipse 2005 BC
Amar-Suena	1981–1973 BC	Son of Shulgi
Shu-Suen	1972–1964 BC
Ibbi-Suen	1963–1940 BC	Son of Shu-Suen