Ship-to-ship Cargo Transfer
A ship-to-ship (STS) transfer operation is the transfer of cargo between seagoing ships positioned alongside each other, either while stationary or underway. Cargoes typically transferred via STS methods include crude oil, liquefied gas (LPG or LNG), bulk cargo, and petroleum products. The nomenclature STS transfer should be used in reference to techniques used by civilian merchant vessels, as differentiated from underway replenishment which is the term used by the US Navy for similar, but usually far more complicated, operations between naval vessels while underway.
Most of cargo operations take place between a ship and a land-based terminal. Nevertheless it sometimes can be useful to transfer cargo from one ship to another in the open sea and this is called a ship-to-ship operation. One vessell will act as the terminal whilst the other one will moor. The receiving ship is called the mother vessel.
Read more about Ship-to-ship Cargo Transfer: Reasons For, Problems, Regulations
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