The Ribosomal S1 Protein in Gram-negative Bacteria
In Gram-negative bacteria, the presence of a Shine-Dalgarno sequence is not obligatory for the ribosome to locate the initiator codon. Numerous prokaryotic mRNAs don't possess Shine-Dalgarno sequences at all: ribosomal protein S1, which binds to AU-rich sequences found in many prokaryotic mRNAs 15-30 nucleotides upstream of start-codon, can instigate translation initiation in the case of these mRNAs.
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