Serpin Receptor Interactions
In humans, extracellular serpin-enzyme complexes are rapidly cleared from circulation. In mammals, one mechanism by which this occurs is via the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP receptor), which binds to inhibitory complexes made by antithrombin, PA1-1, and neuroserpin, causing uptake and subsequent signaling events. Thus, as a consequence of the conformational change during serpin-enzyme complex formation, serpins may act as signaling molecules that alert cells to the presence of protease activity. The fate of intracellular serpin-enzyme complexes remains to be characterised.
Recently, it has been shown that the Drosophila serpin necrotic is taken up via the Lipophorin Receptor-1 (LpR1), which is related to the mammalian LDL receptor family. Trafficking studies reveal that following uptake by LpR1, necrotic is delivered to lysosomes where it is targeted for degradation.
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