Secondary Tympanic Membrane

The secondary tympanic membrane (or round window membrane) covers the round window, sealing off one of two openings into the inner ear. It separates the scala tympani of the cochlea from the middle ear. It vibrates with opposite phase to vibrations entering the cochlea through the oval window as the fluid in the cochlea is displaced when pressed by the stapes at the oval window. This ensures that hair cells of the basilar membrane will be stimulated and that audition will occur.

Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems (TA A15.3, TH 3.11.09, GA 10.1029)
Outer ear
  • Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Incisura anterior auris, Earlobe)
  • Ear canal
  • Auricular muscles
  • Eardrum (Umbo
  • Pars flaccida)
Middle ear
Tympanic cavity
  • Labyrinthine wall/medial: Oval window
  • Round window
  • Secondary tympanic membrane
  • Prominence of facial canal
  • Promontory of tympanic cavity
  • Membranous wall/lateral
  • Mastoid wall/posterior: Mastoid cells
  • Aditus to mastoid antrum
  • Pyramidal eminence
  • Carotid wall/anterior
  • Tegmental wall/roof: Epitympanic recess
  • Jugular wall/floor
Ossicles
  • Malleus (Neck of malleus, Superior ligament of malleus, Lateral ligament of malleus, Anterior ligament of malleus)
  • Incus (Superior ligament of incus, Posterior ligament of incus)
  • Stapes (Anular ligament of stapes)
Muscles
  • Stapedius
  • Tensor tympani
Eustachian tube
  • Bony part of pharyngotympanic tube
  • Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube (Torus tubarius)
Inner ear/
(membranous labyrinth,
bony labyrinth)
Auditory system
Cochlear labyrinth
General cochlea
  • Scala vestibuli
  • Helicotrema
  • Scala tympani
  • Modiolus
  • Cochlear cupula
Perilymphatic space
  • Perilymph
  • Cochlear aqueduct
Cochlear duct /
scala media
  • Reissner's/vestibular membrane
  • Basilar membrane
  • Reticular membrane
  • Endolymph
  • Stria vascularis
  • Spiral ligament
  • Organ of Corti: Stereocilia
  • Tectorial membrane
  • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus)
  • Spiral limbus
Cells
  • Claudius cell
  • Boettcher cell
Vestibular system/
Vestibular labyrinth
  • Static/translations/vestibule/endolymphatic duct: Utricle (Macula)
  • Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac)
  • Kinocilium
  • Otolith
  • Vestibular aqueduct
  • Canalis reuniens
  • Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal)
  • Ampullary cupula
  • Ampullae (Crista ampullaris)

M: EAR

anat (e/p)/phys/devp

noco/cong, epon

proc, drug (S2)

Famous quotes containing the word secondary:

    “Scientific reason, with its strict conscience, its lack of prejudice, and its determination to question every result again the moment it might lead to the least intellectual advantage, does in an area of secondary interest what we ought to be doing with the basic questions of life.”
    —Robert Musil (1880–1942)