Second Partition of Poland - Partition

Partition

On 23 January 1793 Prussia signed a treaty with Russia, agreeing that Polish reforms would be revoked and both countries would receive chunks of Commonwealth territory. Russian and Prussian military took control of the territories they claimed soon afterward, with Russian troops already present, and Prussian troops meeting only nominal resistance. In 1793, deputies to the Grodno Sejm, last Sejm of the Commonwealth, in the presence of the Russian forces, agreed to the Russian and Prussian territorial demands. The Grodno Sejm became infamous not only as the last sejm of the Commonwealth, but because its deputies were bribed and coerced by the Russian soldiers, as Russia and Prussia wanted official, legal approval from Poland of their new demands.

Russia received the Minsk Voivodeship, Kiev Voivodeship, Bracław Voivodeship, Podole Voivodeship and parts of the Vilnius Voivodeship, Nowogródek Voivodeship, Brest Litovsk Voivodeship and the Volhynian Voivodeship (in total, 250 000 km²). This was accepted by the Grodno Sejm on 22 July. Russia reorganized its newly acquired territories into Minsk Governorate, Podolia Governorate and Volhynian Governorate.

Prussia received the cities of Gdańsk (Danzig) and Toruń (Thorn), and Gniezno Voivodeship, Poznań Voivodeship, Sieradz Voivodeship, Kalisz Voivodeship, Płock Voivodeship, Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship, Inowrocław Voivodeship, Dobrzyń Land, and parts of the Kraków Voivodeship, Rawa Voivodeship and Masovian Voivodeship (in total, 58 000 km²). This was accepted by the Grodno Sejm on 25 September. Prussia organized its newly acquired territories into South Prussia.

After the Second Partition, Commonwealth lost about 308 000 km², being reduced to 217 000 km². It lost about 2 million people; only about 3.4 million people remained in Poland, an estimated fourth of the pre-First Partition (1772), estimated as over 14 million.