C
- Cabannes–Daure effect – Jean Cabannes and Pierre Daure
- Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling, reaction – Paul Cadiot and Wladyslav Chodkiewicz
- Callendar effect – Guy Stewart Callendar
- Callippic cycle – Callippus of Cyzicus
- Calvin cycle (a.k.a. Calvin–Benson cycle) – Melvin Calvin (and Andy Benson)
- Cannizzaro reaction – Stanislao Cannizzaro
- Cardan angles (a.k.a. Tait–Bryan angles) – Gerolamo Cardano
- Carnot cycle, number – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
- Carpenter effect (a.k.a. Ideomotor effect) – William Benjamin Carpenter
- Cartan–Kähler theorem – Élie Cartan, Erich Kähler
- Casimir effect – Hendrik Casimir
- Catalan's conjecture (a.k.a. Mihăilescu's theorem), Catalan numbers – Eugène Charles Catalan
- Cauchy number (a.k.a. Hooke number) – Augustin-Louis Cauchy
- Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem – Augustin-Louis Cauchy, Sofia Kovalevskaya
- Cauer filter – Wilhelm Cauer
- Chandler wobble – Seth Carlo Chandler
- Chandrasekhar limit, number – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
- Chaplygin gas – Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin
- Chapman rearrangement – Arthur William Chapman
- Charles's law – Jacques Charles
- Chebyshev distance, equation, filter, linkage, polynomials – Pafnuty Chebyshev
- Chebyshev's inequality (a.k.a. Bienaymé-Chebyshev inequality) – Pafnuty Chebyshev (and Irénée-Jules Bienaymé)
- Cherenkov radiation (a.k.a. Cherenkov-Vavilov radiation) – Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (and Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov)
- Chichibabin pyridine amination reaction – Alexei Yevgenievich Chichibabin
- Chisholm's paradox – Roderick Milton Chisholm
- Christiansen cavity, effect, filter – Christian Christiansen
- Christoffel symbol – Elwin Bruno Christoffel
- Christofilos effect – Nicholas Christofilos
- Chugaev elimination/reaction, reagent – Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev
- Ciamician photodisproportionation, synthesis – Giacomo Luigi Ciamician
- Clairaut's relation, theorem – Alexis Claude Clairaut
- Claisen condensation, rearrangement – Rainer Ludwig Claisen
- Claisen-Schmidt reaction – Rainer Ludwig Claisen and J. Gustav Schmidt
- Clapp oscillator – James K. Clapp
- Clarke orbit – Arthur C. Clarke
- Clausius number – Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius
- Clemmensen reduction – Erik Christian Clemmensen
- Coanda effect – Henri Coanda
- Coase theorem – Ronald Coase
- Colburn–Chilton analogy (a.k.a. Colburn analogy) – Allan Philip Colburn and Thomas H. Chilton
- Coleman–Liau index – Meri Coleman and T. L. Liau
- Coleman–Mandula theorem – Sidney Coleman and Jeffrey Mandula
- Collatz conjecture (a.k.a. Ulam conjecture, Kakutani's problem, Thwaites conjecture, Hasse's algorithm, Syracuse problem), graph – Lothar Collatz (or Stanisław Ulam, Shizuo Kakutani, Sir Bryan Thwaites, Helmut Hasse)
- Colpitts oscillator – Edwin H. Colpitts
- Compton effect, scattering, wavelength – Arthur Compton
- Coolidge effect – from a joke attributed to John Calvin Coolidge, Jr.
- Cooper pair – Leon Cooper
- Cope elimination, rearrangement – Arthur Clay Cope
- Corey–Fuchs reaction – Elias James Corey and Philip L. Fuchs
- Corey–Kim oxidation – Elias James Corey and Choung Un Kim
- Corey–Winter olefin synthesis – Elias James Corey and Roland Arthur Edwin Winter
- Coriolis effect – Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis
- Cotton effect – Aimé Auguste Cotton
- Cotton–Mouton effect – Aimé Auguste Cotton and H. Mouton
- Coulomb constant, law – Charles Augustin de Coulomb
- Coulter counter, principle – Wallace Henry Coulter
- Cowling number – probably Thomas George Cowling
- Coxeter–Dynkin diagram – Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter and Eugene Borisovich Dynkin
- Crabtree effect – Herbert Grace Crabtree
- Criegee reaction, rearrangement – Rudolf Criegee
- Curie point – Pierre Curie
- Curry's paradox – Haskell Curry
- Curtin–Hammett principle – David Yarrow Curtin and Louis Plack Hammett
- Curtius rearrangement – Theodor Curtius
Read more about this topic: Scientific Phenomena Named After People