Public Funding of Education
Students who have not received general upper secondary education have the academic portion of their program financed by the state. As for the vocational track, some students pay fees and others are financed through the state order program, where state authorities request a certain number of trained workers and specialists in certain fields. These students are chosen through a merit-based competition based on grades and recommendations from teachers or public officials.
Education for the nation as a whole made up
- 14.4% of public expenditures in 1999
- 12.1% in 2000
- 11.9% in 2001
- 12.6% in 2002
of which the lion's share went to general education:
| Level/type of education | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | Average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-school education | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.3 |
| General education | 68.4 | 73.7 | 65.2 | 68.7 | 66.2 | 68.4 |
| Primary vocational education | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
| Secondary vocational education | 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.8 |
| Other educational programmes | 11.9 | 6.1 | 17.1 | 12.3 | 16.4 | 12.8 |
| Higher education | 9.9 | 10.0 | 9.1 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 9.5 |
| sector | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 (first half) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | 11,864 | 14,374 | 17,303 | 20,323 | 21,991 |
| Industry | 16,370 | 20,647 | 23,812 | 26,280 | 27,952 |
| Public administration | 11,308 | 11,758 | 14,970 | 16,930 | 17,374 |
| Health care and social work | 6,821 | 7,267 | 8,288 | 10,863 | 12,089 |
| Education | 8,149 | 8,512 | 9,937 | 12,863 | 14,510 |
Read more about this topic: Science And Technology In Kazakhstan
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—For the State of California, U.S. public relief program (1935-1943)
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—Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825–1911)