Schultheis
In medieval Germany, the Schultheiß (Middle High German schultheize, from Old High German sculdheizo; Latinised as scultetus or sculteus; in Switzerland: Schultheiss, also: Schultheis, Schulte or Schulze; in Italian the two offices Scoltetto and Sculdascio, Medieval Latin sculdasius and Polish Sołtys) was the head of a municipality (akin to today's office of mayor), a Vogt or an executive official of the ruler.
As official (villicus) it was his duty to order his assigned village or county (villicatio) to pay the taxes and perform the services due to the ruler. The name originates from this function: Schuld 'debt' +heißen 'to order'.
Later, the title was also used for the head of a town (Stadtschultheiß) or village (Schulze).
Read more about Schultheis: Modern Use, See Also