Denmark
The most common Danish family name surnames are patronymic and end in -sen; for example Rasmussen, originally meaning "son of Rasmus" (Rasmus' son). Descendants of Danish or Norwegian immigrants to the United States frequently have similar names ending in the suffix "-sen" or have changed the spelling to "-son". Approximately one-third of the Danish population bear one of the ten most common surnames. More than two-thirds have a patronym ending in -sen in their full name. Many of these patronymics are, however, very rare, local or testimony of unusual descent, e.g. Heilesen from Northern Jutland, Holdensen and Boldsen from the former Duchy of Schleswig or Israelsen and Nathansen taken by early Jewish immigrants. Common etymological classes of surnames are occupational (e.g., Møller - miller, Schmidt - smith, Fisker - fisher) and toponyms, for example names taken after a village or farmstead inhabited by ancestors.
The first naming act in Denmark was issued in 1526 and made heritable names compulsory for nobility. Other higher class people took heritable surnames during the following centuries, clergy often Latinized names (e.g. Pontoppidan made from Broby) and artisans often Germanized names. Naming acts applying to all citizens were issued 1771 (for the Duchy of Schleswig only) and in 1828. The rural population only reluctantly gave up the traditional primary patronyms. Several naming acts replaced the first; in 1856, 1904, 1961, 1981, 2005. The result of the first act was that most people took a patronymic surname as their heritable family name, with the overwhelming dominance of a few surnames as a consequence. Later acts have attempted to motivate people to change to surnames that would allow safer identification of individuals.
In the table, the top surnames in Denmark are listed as of 1971 and 2009. The general tendency over the past century has been to give up the commonest names and adopt less frequently-used ones.
Rank | Surname | Number of bearers 1971 | Number of bearers 2009 | Type | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jensen | 368.631 | 278.782 | patronymic | son of Jens |
2 | Nielsen | 349.126 | 275.744 | patronymic | son of Niels |
3 | Hansen | 297.937 | 231.221 | patronymic | son of Hans |
4 | Pedersen | 203.426 | 173.639 | patronymic | son of Peder |
5 | Andersen | 188.359 | 165.871 | patronymic | son of Anders |
6 | Christensen | 159.943 | 125.192 | patronymic | son of Christen |
7 | Larsen | 148.214 | 122.712 | patronymic | son of Lars |
8 | Sørensen | 139.111 | 117.300 | patronymic | son of Søren |
9 | Rasmussen | 117.355 | 99.238 | patronymic | son of Rasmus |
10 | Jørgensen | 110.132 | 93.182 | patronymic | son of Jørgen |
11 | Petersen | 130.236 | 85.268 | patronymic | son of Peter |
12 | Madsen | 76.441 | 67.075 | patronymic | son of Mads |
13 | Kristensen | 58.990 | 62.549 | patronymic | son of Kristen |
14 | Olsen | 65.194 | 50.904 | patronymic | son of Ole |
15 | Thomsen | 40.180 | 39.860 | patronymic | son of Thomas |
16 | Christiansen | 45.984 | 38.528 | patronymic | son of Christian |
17 | Poulsen | 36.544 | 33.106 | patronymic | son of Poul |
18 | Johansen | 36.470 | 32.166 | patronymic | son of Johan |
19 | Knudsen | 34.660 | 30.634 | patronymic | son of Knud |
20 | Møller | 31.645 | 30.516 | occupational | miller |
Read more about this topic: Scandinavian Family Name Etymology