Scalar Field
The dark matter can be modeled as a scalar field using two fitted parameters. In this picture the dark matter consists of an ultralight particle with a mass of 1.1 × 10−23 eV
The uncertainty in position of a particle is larger than its Compton wavelength, and for some reasonable estimates of particle mass and density of dark matter there is no point talking about the individual particle’s position and momentum. The dark matter is more like a wave than a particle, and the galactic halos are giant systems of condensed bose liquid. The dark matter can be described as a Bose-Einstein condensate of the ultralight quanta of the field and as boson stars. The enormous Compton wavelength of these particles prevents structure formation on small subgalactic scales, which is a major problem in traditional cold dark matter models.
The collapse of initial overdensities is studied in Refs.
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