Basic Noun and Adjective Declension
The basic scheme of suffixation is given in the table below—valid for almost all nouns and adjectives. However, according to the gender and the ending consonant/vowel of the uninflected word-stem, there are predetermined rules of compulsory sandhi which would then give the final inflected word. The parentheses give the case-terminations for the neuter gender, the rest are for masculine and feminine gender. Both devanagari script and IAST transliterations are given.
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative (Kartā) |
-स् -s (-म् -m) |
-औ -au (-ई -ī) |
-अस् -as (-इ -i) |
| Accusative (Karman) |
-अम् -am (-म् -m) |
-औ -au (-ई -ī) |
-अस् -as (-इ -i) |
| Instrumental (Karaṇa) |
-आ -ā | -भ्याम् -bhyām | -भिस् -bhis |
| Dative (Sampradāna) |
-ए -e | -भ्याम् -bhyām | -भ्यस् -bhyas |
| Ablative (Apādāna) |
-अस् -as | -भ्याम् -bhyām | -भ्यस् -bhyas |
| Genitive (Sambandha) |
-अस् -as | -ओस् -os | -आम् -ām |
| Locative (Adhikaraṇa) |
-इ -i | -ओस् -os | -सु -su |
| Vocative | -स् -s (- -) |
-औ -au (-ई -ī) |
-अस् -as (-इ -i) |
Read more about this topic: Sanskrit Nouns
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