Personal Pronouns and Determiners
The first and second person pronouns are declined for the most part alike, having by analogy assimilated themselves with one another.
Note: Where two forms are given, the second is enclitic and an alternative form. Ablatives in singular and plural may be extended by the syllable -tas; thus mat or mattas, asmat or asmattas.
First Person | Second Person | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | aham | āvām | vayam | tvam | yuvām | yūyam |
Accusative | mām, mā | āvām, nau | asmān, nas | tvām, tvā | yuvām, vām | yuṣmān, vas |
Instrumental | mayā | āvābhyām | asmābhis | tvayā | yuvābhyām | yuṣmābhis |
Dative | mahyam, me | āvābhyām, nau | asmabhyam, nas | tubhyam, te | yuvābhyām, vām | yuṣmabhyam, vas |
Ablative | mat | āvābhyām | asmat | tvat | yuvābhyām | yuṣmat |
Genitive | mama, me | āvayos, nau | asmākam, nas | tava, te | yuvayos, vām | yuṣmākam, vas |
Locative | mayi | āvayos | asmāsu | tvayi | yuvayos | yuṣmāsu |
The demonstrative ta, declined below, also functions as the third person pronoun.
Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | sás | tāú | té | tát | té | tā́ni | sā́ | té | tā́s |
Accusative | tám | tāú | tā́n | tát | té | tā́ni | tā́m | té | tā́s |
Instrumental | téna | tā́bhyām | tāís | téna | tā́bhyām | tāís | táyā | tā́bhyām | tā́bhis |
Dative | tásmāi | tā́bhyām | tébhyas | tásmāi | tā́bhyām | tébhyas | tásyāi | tā́bhyām | tā́bhyas |
Ablative | tásmāt | tā́bhyām | tébhyam | tásmāt | tā́bhyām | tébhyam | tásyās | tā́bhyām | tā́bhyas |
Genitive | tásya | táyos | téṣām | tásya | táyos | téṣām | tásyās | táyos | tā́sām |
Locative | tásmin | táyos | téṣu | tásmin | táyos | téṣu | tásyām | táyos | tā́su |
Read more about this topic: Sanskrit Grammar
Famous quotes containing the words personal and/or pronouns:
“The ingrained idea that, because there is no king and they despise titles, the Americans are a free people is pathetically untrue.... There is a perpetual interference with personal liberty over there that would not be tolerated in England for a week.”
—Margot Asquith (18641945)
“In the meantime no sense in bickering about pronouns and other parts of blather.”
—Samuel Beckett (19061989)