Samsonov (Russian: Самсо́нов) and Samsonova (Russian: Самсо́нова; feminine) is a common Russian surname derived from the name Samson. Currently, there are many variations of this family name: Samsonov, Samsonenko, Samsonychev, Samsonyan, Samsikov, Samsonkin, Samsononychev.
People with the surname Samsonov include:
- Alexander Samsonov (1859–1914), a Russian military commander during World War I
- Aleksandr Samsonov (b. 1953), a Russian Olympic swimmer
- Artyom Samsonov (b. 1989), a Russian professional footballer
- Konstantin Samsonov (1916–1977), a Soviet officer, Hero of the Soviet Union
- Oleg Samsonov (b. 1987), a Russian soccer player
- Samson Samsonov (1921–2002), a Soviet and Russian film director and screenwriter
- Sergei Samsonov (b. 1978), a professional ice hockey player
- Viktor Samsonov (b. 1941), an acting Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 1996
- Vladimir Samsonov (b. 1976), a Belarusian professional table tennis player
- Yevgeny Samsonov (b. 1926), a Soviet rower
- Yuri Samsonov (1930–1992), a Soviet and Russian writer
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