Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic - Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics (ASSRs) Within The Russian SFSR | Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics (ASSRs) Russian SFSR

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics (ASSRs) Within The Russian SFSR

Turkestan ASSR – Formed on 30 April 1918, on the territory of the former Turkestan General-Governorate. As part of the delimitation programme of Soviet Central Asia, the Turkestan ASSR along with the Khorezm SSR and the Bukharan PSR were disbanded on 27 October 1924, and in their place came the Union republics of Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR. The latter contained the Tajik ASSR until December 1929 when it too became a full Union republic, the Tajik SSR. The RSFSR retained the newly formed Kara-Kirghiz and the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblasts. The latter was part of the Kirgiz, then the Kazak ASSR until 1930, when it was directly subordinated to Moscow.
Bashkir ASSR – Formed on 23 March 1919 from several northern districts of the Orenburg Guberniya populated by Bashkirs. 11 October 1990 declares its sovereignty, as Bashkir SSR, which is renamed in 1992 as the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Tatar ASSR – Formed on 27 May 1920 on the territory of the western two thirds of the Kazan Governorate populated by Tatars. On 30 October 1990, declared sovereignty as the Republic of Tatarstan and on 18 October 1991 – independence. The Russian constitutional court overturned the declaration on 13 March 1992. On February 1994 a separate agreement was reached with Moscow on the status of Tatarstan as an associate state in Russia with confederate status.
Kirgiz ASSR Formed on 26 August 1920, from the Ural, Turgay, Semipalatinsk Oblasts, and parts of Transcaspia, Bukey Horde and Orenburg Guberniya populated by Kirgiz-Kaysaks (former name of Kazakh people). Further enlarged in 1921 upon gaining land from Omsk Guberniya and again in 1924 from parts of Jetysui Guberniya and Syr Darya and Samarkand Oblasts. On 19 April 1925 renamed as the Kazak ASSR (see below)
Mountain ASSR Formed on 20 January 1921, after the Bolshevik Red Army evicted the short-lived Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus. Initially composed of several national districts, one-by-one these left the republic until 7 November 1924, when the remains of the republic was partitioned into the Ingush Autonomous Oblast, the North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and the Sunzha Cossack district (all subordinates to the North Caucasus Kray).
Dagestan ASSR – Formed on 20 January 1921, from the former Dagestan Oblast. On 17 September 1991, declares sovereignty as the Dagestan SSR.
Crimean ASSR Formed on 18 October 1921, on the territory of Crimean peninsula, following the Red Army's eviction of Baron Wrangel's army, ending the Russian Civil War in Europe. On 18 May 1944 disbanded following the deportation of the Crimean Tatars, and transformed into the Crimean Oblast. On 19 February 1954, transferred to the Ukrainian SSR. Re-established on 12 February 1991, and on 4 September of that year declared sovereignty. On 5 May 1992 – declared independence as the Republic of Crimea, on 13 May the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine overturned the declaration, but compromised on an Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which exists to this day.
Yakut ASSR – Formed on 16 February 1922 upon the elevation of the Yakut Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. On 27 September 1990, declared sovereignty as the Yakut-Sakha Soviet Socialist Republic. From 21 December 1991 – the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya).
Buryat ASSR – Formed on 30 March 1923 as due to merger of the Mongol-Buryat Autonomous Oblast of the RSFSR and the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast of the Far Eastern Republic. Until 7 July 1958 – Mongol-Buryat ASSR. 27 March 1991 – Republic of Buryatia.
Karelian ASSR – Formed on 23 July 1923 when the Karelian Labour Commune was integrated into the RSFSR administrative structure. On 31 March 1940, elevated into a full Union republic as the Karelo-Finnish SSR. On 16 July 1956, downgraded back into an ASSR, and re-subordinated to RSFSR. Declared sovereignty on 13 October 1991, as the Republic of Karelia.
Volga German ASSR – Formed on 19 December 1924, upon elevation of the Volga German Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. On 28 August 1941, upon the deportation of Volga Germans to Kazakhstan, the ASSR was disbanded. The territory was partitioned between the Saratov and Stalingrad Oblasts.
Kazak ASSR Formed on 19 April 1925, when the first Kirgiz ASSR was renamed and partitioned. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 25 October 1990 declares sovereignty and on 16 December 1991 – independence as the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Chuvash ASSR – Formed on 21 April 1925 upon the elevation of the Chuvash Autonomous Olbast into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 26 October 1990 as the Chuvash SSR.
Kirghiz ASSR Formed on 1 February 1926, upon elevation of the Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 12 December 1990 declares sovereignty as the Republic of Kyrgyztan and on 31 August 1991 independence.
Kara-Kalpak ASSR – Formed on 20 March 1932, upon elevation of the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast into the Kara-Kalpak ASSR, from 5 December 1936, part of the Uzbek SSR. In 1964 renamed as the Karakalpak ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 14 December 1990.
Mordovian ASSR – Formed on 20 December 1934 upon the elevation of the Mordovian Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 13 December 1990 as the Mordovian SSR. From 25 January 1991 – Republic of Mordovia.
Udmurt ASSR – Formed on 28 December 1934 upon the elevation of the Udmurt Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 20 September 1990. From 11 October 1991 – Udmurt Republic.
Kalmyk ASSR – Formed on 20 October 1935, upon the elevation of the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. On 27 December 1943, upon the deporation of the Kalmyks the ASSR was disbanded and split between the newly established Astrakhan Oblast and parts adjoined to the Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Kray and Stavropol Kray. On 9 January 1957, the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was re-established in present borders, first as part of Stavropol Kray and from 19 July 1958 – the Kalmyk ASSR. On 18 October 1990 declared sovereignty as the Kamlmyk SSR.
Kabardino-Balkar ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936, upon the departure of the Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast from the North Caucasus Kray. After the deportation of the Balkars on 8 April 1944, the republic is renamed as Kabardin ASSR and parts of its territory transferred to Georgian SSR, upon the return of the Balkars, the KBASSR is re-instated on 9 January 1957. On 31 January 1991, the republic declares sovereignty as the Kabardino-Balkar SSR, and from 10 March 1992 – Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
Northern Ossetian ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936, upon the disbandment of the North Caucasus Kray, and its constituent North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast was raised into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 26 December 1990 as the North Ossetian SSR.
Chechen-Ingush ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936, when the North Caucausus Kray was disestablished and its constituent Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast was elevated into an ASSR and subordinated to Mosocow. Following the en masse deportation of the Chechens and Ingush, on 7 March 1944, the ChIASSR was disbanded, and the Grozny Okrug was temporarily administered by Stavropol Kray until the 22 March, when the territory was portioned between North Ossetian and Dagestan ASSRs, and the Georgian SSR. The remaining land was merged with Stavropol Krays Kizlyar district and organised as Grozny Oblast, which existed until 9 January 1957, when the ChIASSR was re-established, though only the southern border's original shape was retained. Declared sovereignty on 27 November 1990 as the Chechen-Ingush Republic. On 8 June 1991, the 2nd Chechen National Congress proclaimed a separate Chechen-Republic (Noxchi-Cho), and on 6 September, began a coup which overthrew the Soviet local government. De facto, all authority passed to the self-proclaimed government which was renamed as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in early 1993. In response, the western Ingush districts after a referendum on 28 November 1991, were organised into an Ingush Republic which was officially established on 4 June 1992, by decree of Russian President as the Republic of Ingushetia. The same decree de jure created a Chechen republic, although it would be established only on 3 June 1994 and carry out partial governance during the First Chechen War. The Khasavyurt Accord would again suspend the government on 15 November 1996. The present Chechen Republic government was re-established on 15 October 1999.
Komi ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the Komi (Zyryan) Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 23 November 1990 as the Komi SSR. From 26 May 1992 – the Republic of Komi.
Mari ASSR – Formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the Mari Autonomous Oblast into an ASSR. Declared Sovereignty on 22 December 1990 as the Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (Mari El).
Tuva ASSR – Formed on 10 October 1961 when the Tuva Autonomous Oblast was elevated into an ASSR. On 12 December 1990 declared sovereignty as the Soviet Republic of Tyva.
Gorno Altay ASSR – Formed on 25 October 1990, when the Gorno Altay Autonomous Oblast declared sovereignty, from 3 July 1991 – Gorno Altay SSR.
Karachayevo-Cherkessian ASSR – Formed on 17 November 1990, when the Karachayevo-Cherkessian Autonomous Oblast was elevated into an ASSR and, instead of Stavropol Kray, subordinated directly to Moscow. Declared sovereignty on 3 July 1991 as the Karachayevo-Cherkessian SSR.

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