Russian National Wealth Fund is Russia's Sovereign Wealth Fund. It was created after the Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation was split into two separate investment funds on 30 January 2008. The two funds are Reserve Fund, which is invested abroad in low-yield securities and used when oil and gas incomes fall, and the National Wealth Fund, which invests in riskier, higher return vehicles, as well as federal budget expenditures. The Reserve Fund was given $137,09 billion and the National Welfare Fund was given $87,97 billion. The fund is controlled by the Ministry of Finance.
The National Wealth Fund will receive funds from investments returns or any excess funds that the Reserve Fund produces. The Reserve Fund is capped at 10% of Russian GDP and any funds over that will be given to the Wealth Fund.
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“Who are we? And for what are we going to fight? Are we the titled slaves of George the Third? The military conscripts of Napoleon the Great? Or the frozen peasants of the Russian Czar? No—we are the free born sons of America; the citizens of the only republic now existing in the world; and the only people on earth who possess rights, liberties, and property which they dare call their own.”
—Andrew Jackson (1767–1845)
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—Ursula K. Le Guin (b. 1929)
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—C. Wright Mills (1916–1962)
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—Daniel Goleman (20th century)