Well-known people and characters with the name Rosalyn include:
- "Rosalyn" (song), a song by Pretty Things
- Rosalyn Borden (1932–2003), American actress
- Rosalyn Higgins, Baroness Higgins (born 1937), President of the International Court of Justice
- Rosalyn Landor (born 1958), English actress
- Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American medical physicist, winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology
- Rosalyn Tureck (1914-2003), American pianist and harpsichordist
- Rosalyn (Calvin and Hobbes), minor character in Calvin and Hobbes
- Rosalyn, character in the concept album Psychoderelict (1993)