Rock Partridge - Systematics

Systematics

This species is closely related to the Chukar, Przevalski's, and Philby's Partridges, forming a superspecies. The Western Mediterranean Red-legged and Barbary Partridges with their spotted neck collar are slightly more distant relatives. Nonetheless, although this species' range does not naturally overlap with that of its relatives, they co-occur where they have been introduced as gamebirds, for example in North America, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Russia, and in southeastern France where Red Partridges have been released. In these areas, hybrids between this species, the Chukar, and the Red Partridge are usually found.(McGowan 1994, see also Randi 2006)

Three living subspecies are usually recognized (McGowan 1994), which differ marginally in coloration and somewhat more according to molecular studies (Randi 2006; see below for details):

• A. g. graeca - Eastern Rock Partridge

E Bosnia to Greece and Bulgaria, Apennines.

• A. g. saxatilis - Central Rock Partridge

Southern half of the Alps to W Bosnia.

• A. g. whitakeri - Sicilian Rock Partridge

Restricted to Sicily.

The proposed subspecies from the Apennines, A. g. orlandoi, is of doubtful validity. It is usually included in saxatilis, but apparently mostly derives from Albanian A. g. graeca. These probably crossed the Adriatic via a land-bridge during the last ice age, to become isolated only with the sea levels rising at the beginning of the Holocene c.12.000-10.000 years ago, with Alpine birds much less contributing to the Apennines population.(Randi 2006)

Apennine birds are not consistently recognizable by external morphology, and are only weakly differentiated with regards to mtDNA D-loop and hypervariable control region sequences and microsatellite genotyping. As they nonetheless consititute a discrete subpopulation evolving towards subspecies status, their population numbers could arguably deserve monitoring.(Randi 2006)

In addition, there was a paleosubspecies, A. g. martelensis, which is only known from fossils.