Right To Silence in England and Wales - Exceptions

Exceptions

• The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 s.49 and s.53 make it a criminal offence (with a penalty of two years in prison) to fail to disclose when requested the key to any encrypted information.

• When a vehicle is alleged to have been involved in an offence, section 172 of the Road Traffic Act 1988, as amended by section 21 of the Road Traffic Act 1991 enables the police to require the vehicle's registered keeper, or any other relevant person, to provide information as to the identity of the vehicle's driver. A special warning is given indicating that refusal to do so constitutes an offence in itself.