Ribosome Shunting in Rice Tungro Bacilliform Pararetrovirus
Ribosome shunting process was first discovered in CaMV in 1993, and then was reported in Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) at 1996. The mechanism of ribosome shunting in RTBV resembles that in CaMV: it also requires the first short ORF as well as a following strong secondary structure. Swapping of the conserved shunt elements between CaMV and RTBV revealed the importance of nucleotide composition of the landing sequence for efficient shunting, indicating that the mechanism of ribosome shunting is evolutionary conserved in plant pararetroviruses.
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