Reticulon 4

Reticulon 4

Identifiers Symbols RTN4; ASY; NI220/250; NOGO; NOGO-A; NOGOC; NSP; NSP-CL; Nbla00271; Nbla10545; Nogo-B; Nogo-C; RTN-X; RTN4-A; RTN4-B1; RTN4-B2; RTN4-C External IDs OMIM: 604475 MGI: 1915835 HomoloGene: 10743 GeneCards: RTN4 Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• protein binding
Cellular component	• nuclear envelope • endoplasmic reticulum • plasma membrane • integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane • cell projection • neuronal cell body
Biological process	• angiogenesis • apoptotic process • axonal fasciculation • cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration • negative regulation of cell growth • regulation of cell migration • negative regulation of axon extension • regulation of apoptotic process • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway • regulation of axonogenesis • negative regulation of axonogenesis • cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition • endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization • regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern More reference expression data Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 57142 68585 Ensembl ENSG00000115310 ENSMUSG00000020458 UniProt Q9NQC3 Q99P72 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_007008 NM_024226 RefSeq (protein) NP_008939 NP_077188 Location (UCSC) Chr 2:
55.2 – 55.34 Mb Chr 11:
29.69 – 29.74 Mb PubMed search

Reticulon-4, also known as Neurite outgrowth inhibitor or Nogo, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RTN4 gene that has been identified as an inhibitor of neurite outgrowth specific to the central nervous system.

This gene belongs to the family of reticulon-encoding genes. Reticulons are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and are involved in neuroendocrine secretion or in membrane trafficking in neuroendocrine cells. The product of this gene is a potent neurite outgrowth inhibitor that may also help block the regeneration of the central nervous system in higher vertebrates. Alternatively spliced transcript variants derived both from differential splicing and differential promoter usage and encoding different isoforms have been identified. There are three isoforms: Nogo A, B and C. Nogo-A has two known inhibitory domains including amino-Nogo, at the N-terminus and Nogo-66, which makes up the molecules extracellular loop. Both amino-Nogo and Nogo-66 are involved in inhibitory responses, where amino-Nogo is a strong inhibitor of neurite outgrowth, and Nogo-66 is involved in growth cone destruction.

Research suggests that blocking Nogo-A during neuronal damage (from diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis) will help to protect or restore the damaged neurons. The investigation into the mechanisms of this protein presents a great potential for the treatment of auto-immune mediated demyelinating diseases and spinal cord injury regeneration. It has also been found to be a key player in the process whereby physical exercise enhances learning and memory processes in the brain.