Government
The constitution of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato was written by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho, who copied the Cuban Constitution of Jimaguayú nearly word-for-word. It provided for the creation of a Supreme Council, which was created on November 2, 1897, with the following as officers having been elected:
| Position | Name |
|---|---|
| President | Emilio Aguinaldo |
| Vice-President | Mariano Trías |
| Secretary of Foreign Affairs | Antonio Montenegro |
| Secretary of War | Emiliano Riego de Dios |
| Secretary of the Interior | Isabelo Artacho |
| Secretary of the Treasury | Baldomero Aguinaldo |
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“To suppose that any form of government will secure liberty or happiness without any virtue in the people, is a chimerical idea.”
—James Madison (1751–1836)
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“The republican is the only form of government which is not eternally at open or secret war with the rights of mankind.”
—Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)