Reorganized National Government of China - Political Boundaries

Political Boundaries

In theory, the Reformed Government controlled all of China with the exception of Manchukuo, which it recognized as an independent state. In actuality, the Reformed Government controlled only Jiangsu, Anhui, and the north sector of Zhejiang, all being Japanese-controlled territories after 1937.

Therefore, the Reformed Government's actual borders changed as the Japanese gained territory in the war. During the December 1941 Japanese offensive, the Reformed Government extended control over Hunan, Hubei, and parts of Jiangxi province. The port of Shanghai and the towns of Hankou and Wuchang were also under control of the Reformed Government after 1940.

The Japanese-controlled provinces of Shandong and Hebei were theoretically part of this political entity, although were actually administered by the Commander of the Japanese North Front, under a separate Japanese-controlled government based in Beijing. Like the Northern Front, the southern sectors had their own Japanese military commander and government based in Guangzhou. Each front acted as its own military unit with its own political and economic administration as well as its own Japanese military commander.

• Jiangsu: 41,818 mi² (108,308 km²); capital: Zhenjiang
• Anhui: 51,888 mi² (134,389 km²); capital: Anqing (also included the national capital of Nanjing)
• Zhejiang: 39,780 mi² (103,030 km²); capital: Hangzhou

According to other sources, total extension of territory during 1940 period was 1,264,000 km².

During the war, the Imperial Japanese Army committed numerous atrocities in areas controlled by the Reformed Government, including so-called "mopping up" operations to frighten the populace. General Toshizō Nishio, the Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army's expeditionary forces in mainland China, was subsequently replaced by General Yasuji Okamura. On 9 September 1945, following Japan's defeat in World War II, the Japanese forces in the area surrendered to General He Yingqin of Chiang Kai-shek's National Revolutionary army.