Simple Environment Examples of Temperature
One can provide a simple explanation of refugia involving core temperatures and exposure to sunlight. In the northern hemisphere, north-facing sites on hills or mountains, and places at higher elevations count as cold sites. The reverse are sun- or heat-exposed, lower-elevation, south-facing sites: hot sites. (The opposite directions apply in the southern hemisphere.) Each site becomes a refugium, one as a "cold-surviving refugium", and the other as a "hot-surviving refugium". Canyons with deep hidden areas - the opposite of hillsides, mountains, mesas, etc., or other exposed areas - lead to these separate types of refugia.
A concept not often referenced is that of "sweepstakes colonization": when a dramatic ecological event occurs, for example a bolide strike, and global, multiyear effects occur, the sweepstake-winning species happens to already be living in a fortunate site, and their environment is rendered even more advantageous, as opposed to the "losing" species, which immediately fail to reproduce.
Read more about this topic: Refugium (population Biology)
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