Causes
The main reason behind the coup attempt was the frustration and division within the military caused by Pakistan's failure to occupy the entire territory of the Himalayan kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan's war with India over the territory had ended in a ceasefire in 1948 that left northwestern Kashmir in Pakistani hands, and the rest with India. The ceasefire was deeply resented in the Pakistani military. Many regarded it as a blunder, which could allow Indian forces to strengthen their position in Kashmir and deny Pakistani forces the opportunity to completely occupy the territory. The government of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan resisted the urgings of Pakistani commanders to launch another attack on Indian forces in favor of a more moderate policy.
Read more about this topic: Rawalpindi Conspiracy