Raney is a surname, and may refer to:
- Albert Raney, Sr. (contemporary), developer of Mystic Caverns in Arkansas, USA
- Catherine Raney (born 1980), American Olympic speed skater
- Chad Raney (contemporary), American entrepreneur; founder of Lone Star Music
- Doug Raney (born 1956), American jazz guitarist; son of Jimmy Raney
- George P. Raney (1845–1911), American politician and jurist; justice of the Florida Supreme Court 1885–1894
- Jimmy Raney (1927–1995), American jazz guitarist
- John Henry Raney (1849–1928), American politician from Missouri; U.S. representative 1895–97
- Murray Raney (1885–1966), American mechanical engineer; inventor of Raney nickel
- Paul Hartley Raney (1892–1917), Canadian fighter pilot killed in World War I
- Sue Raney (born 1940), American jazz singer
- Tom Raney, comic-book artist.
- Wayne Raney (1921–1993), American country singer
- William Raney (1859–1933), Canadian lawyer, politician, and judge from Ontario
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