Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1971 | 16,755 | — |
| 1981 | 27,928 | +66.7% |
| 1991 | 32,721 | +17.2% |
| 2001 | 37,968 | +16.0% |
| Sources:* 1971–2001: | ||
As of 2001 India census, Rameswaram had a population of 37,968. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Rameswaram has an average literacy rate of 72% with a male literacy of 77%, and female literacy of 66%. In Rameswaram, 16.05% of the population is under 6 years of age. The birth rate reduced from 12.8% in 2002 to 11.25% in 2004, while the death rate increased from 3.56% in 2002 to 4.48% in 2004 The literacy rate increased from 44% in 1971 to 71% in 2001, which is lower compared to that of Ramanathapuram district (73%) and Tamil Nadu state (71%). The sex ratio was 937 as per 2001 census compared to 971 in 1971 census. However, it is less than the district ratio of 986 and the state ratio of 1033. The total number of households below poverty lane (BPL) in 2003 were 976, which is 10.45% of the total households in the town and these were raised to 3003 (29.12%) in 2007
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